Vectors and two-dimensional motion: vectors; position, velocity and acceleration in multiple dimensions; motion with constant acceleration, free falling bodies, motion of a projectile. Newton’s laws: Newton’s first, second and third laws of motion and their applications; Newton’s law of gravitation; gravitational mass; work, kinetic and potential energy, power, work-energy theorem, momentum, conservation of momentum and energy, center of mass. Rotation: circular motion, angular velocity, and acceleration, rotation with constant angular acceleration, kinetic energy of rotation, moment of inertia, work and power in rotational motion, relation and comparison between linear and angular quantities, conservation of angular momentum. Properties of matter: elasticity, surface tension, viscosity, fluid dynamics. Kinetic theory of gas: molecular model of gas, heat capacity and equipartition of energy, distribution of molecular speeds. Laws of thermodynamics: zeroth, first and second laws and their applications. Periodic motion: elastic restoring force, simple harmonic motion (SHM), differential equation of SHM and its solutions with explanation, examples of SHM, Waves and sound: periodic waves, mathematical description of a wave, boundary condition for a string, standing waves, vibration of a string fixed at both ends, sound waves, intensity level and loudness, quality and pitch, beats, Doppler effect. Basics of optics: nature of light, reflection, refraction, total internal reflection, focal point and focal length of a spherical surface. Interference and diffraction: coherent sources and interference, Young’s Experiment, diffraction from a single slit, diffraction grating.